We have combined the contents of The Canadian Style and Writing Tips to create Writing Tips Plus.
Were you used to consulting specific sections of The Canadian Style online? Are you wondering where to find the information contained in those sections? See the cross-reference tables below.
On this page
- Chapters of The Canadian Style
- Abbreviations
- Hyphenation: compounding and word division
- Spelling
- Capitalization
- Numerical expressions
- Italics
- Punctuation
- Quotations and quotation marks
- Reference matter
- Letters and memorandums
- Reports and minutes
- Usage
- Plain language
- Elimination of stereotyping in written communications
- Geographical names
- Revision and proofreading
- French typographical rules
- Questions and comments
- Related links
Chapters of The Canadian Style
Abbreviations
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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1 Abbreviations |
See the pages corresponding to sections 1.01 to 1.25. |
1.01 Introduction |
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1.02 General guidelines and observations |
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1.03 Periods |
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1.04 Plurals |
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1.05 Capital letters and hyphens |
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1.06 Titles used with personal names |
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1.07 Military abbreviations |
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1.08 University degrees, professional designations, military decorations, honours, awards and memberships |
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1.09 Geographical names |
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1.10 Addresses: streets and buildings; points of the compass |
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1.11 Latitude and longitude |
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1.12 Parts of a book or document |
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1.13 Latin terms |
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1.14 Scientific and technical terms |
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1.15 Corporate names |
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1.16 Acronyms and initialisms |
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1.17 Number and percentage symbols |
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1.18 Ampersand |
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1.19 Monetary units |
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1.20 Months and days |
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1.21 Time of day and elapsed time |
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1.22 Time zones |
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1.23 The International System of Units (SI) |
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1.24 The imperial system |
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1.25 Business terms, expressions and symbols |
Hyphenation: compounding and word division
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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2 Hyphenation: compounding and word division |
See the pages corresponding to sections 2.01 to 2.17. |
2.01 Introduction |
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2.02 Compound nouns and nouns in compounds |
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2.03 Nouns with adjectives and participles |
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2.04 Compound adjectives; adjectives and participles in compounds |
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2.05 Verbs |
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2.06 Adverbs in compounds |
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2.07 Prefixes |
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2.08 “Any,” “every,” “no” and “some” |
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2.09 Suffixes |
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2.10 Numerals and units of measurement |
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2.11 Fractions |
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2.12 The suspended compound |
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2.13 Points of the compass |
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2.14 Titles of office |
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2.15 Numerals and single letters |
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2.16 Plurals of compound terms |
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2.17 Word division |
Spelling
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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3 Spelling |
See the pages corresponding to sections 3.01 to 3.17. |
3.01 Introduction |
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3.02 Spell-checking |
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3.03 Frequently misspelled words |
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3.04 SI/metric units |
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3.05 Homonyms and similar-sounding words |
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3.06 Words with “ei” and “ie” |
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3.07 Verbs ending in “sede,” “ceed” and “cede” |
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3.08 “Able/ible” and “ative/itive” endings |
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3.09 Final consonants doubled before a suffix |
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3.10 Words ending in “n” |
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3.11 Combinations with “all” |
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3.12 Words ending in a silent “e” |
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3.13 Words ending in “c” |
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3.14 Verbs ending in “ie” |
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3.15 Words ending in “y” |
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3.16 Words ending in “ise” and “ize” |
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3.17 Plural forms of nouns |
Capitalization
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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4 Capitalization |
See the pages corresponding to sections 4.01 to 4.38. |
4.01 Introduction |
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4.02 Initial words |
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4.03 Personal names |
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4.04 Words derived from proper nouns |
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4.05 Governments and government bodies |
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4.06 Institutions |
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4.07 Political parties and movements |
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4.08 Titles of office or rank |
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4.09 Personifications and abstractions |
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4.10 Family appellations |
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4.11 Races, languages and peoples |
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4.12 School subjects, courses and degrees |
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4.13 Military terms |
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4.14 Modes of transportation |
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4.15 Medals, awards, honours and decorations |
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4.16 Sporting events and trophies |
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4.17 Time references and historical periods and events |
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4.18 Cultural periods, movements and styles |
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4.19 Terms related to religion |
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4.20 Deities |
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4.21 Geographical terms |
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4.22 Buildings, monuments and public places |
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4.23 Astronomical terms |
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4.24 Biological terms |
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4.25 Chemical, medical and pharmacological terms |
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4.26 Scientific names with eponyms |
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4.27 Copyrighted names |
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4.28 SI/metric units |
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4.29 Publications and works of art |
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4.30 Parts of a book or document |
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4.31 Headings |
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4.32 Terms indicating time or numbered sequence |
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4.33 Lists |
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4.34 Legal usage |
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4.35 The salutation and complimentary close |
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4.36 Compounds |
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4.37 The definite article |
section entitled Articles (the, a/an) in the article “abbreviations: acronyms and initialisms” |
4.38 Single letters used as words |
Numerical expressions
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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5 Numerical expressions |
See the pages corresponding to sections 5.01 to 5.26. |
5.01 Introduction |
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5.02 Round numbers |
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5.03 Consistency |
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5.04 Initial numbers |
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5.05 Adjectival expressions and juxtaposed numbers |
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5.06 Mathematical usage |
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5.07 Ratios |
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5.08 Fractions |
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5.09 Decimal fractions |
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5.10 Quantities and measures |
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5.11 Money |
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5.12 Representation of time in ordinary prose and with SI units |
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5.13 Representation of time of day |
section entitled The 24-hour system in the article “time of day, elapsed time” |
5.14 Dates |
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5.15 Age |
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5.16 Market quotations |
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5.17 Votes, scores, etc. |
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5.18 Governmental, military and historical designations |
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5.19 Names of organizations |
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5.20 Numbers used as nouns |
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5.21 Addresses |
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5.22 Reference numbers |
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5.23 Plurals |
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5.24 Comparative and inclusive numbers |
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5.25 Roman numerals |
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5.26 Other considerations |
Italics
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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6 Italics |
See the pages corresponding to sections 6.01 to 6.11. |
6.01 Introduction |
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6.02 Emphasis |
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6.03 French and foreign words and phrases |
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6.04 Latin terms and abbreviations |
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6.05 Titles of publications and works of art |
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6.06 Legal references |
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6.07 Modes of transportation |
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6.08 Letters and words referred to as such |
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6.09 Peripheral matter in a text |
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6.10 Identifying matter |
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6.11 Mathematical, statistical and scientific material |
Punctuation
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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7 Punctuation |
See the pages corresponding to sections 7.01 to 7.70. |
7.01 Introduction |
This content was not included in Writing Tips Plus. |
7.02 Spacing |
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7.03 The period: Main purpose |
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7.04 Imperatives, exclamations and indirect questions |
section entitled Imperatives, exclamations and indirect questions in the article “period” |
7.05 Ellipsis points |
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7.06 Leaders |
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7.07 Other uses |
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7.08 Periods properly omitted |
section entitled Periods properly omitted in the article “period” |
7.09 The question mark: Main purpose |
section entitled Direct questions in the article “question mark” |
7.10 Requests, indirect questions and other uses |
section entitled Requests and indirect questions in the article “question mark” |
7.11 The exclamation mark: Main purpose |
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7.12 The exclamation mark: Miscellaneous |
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7.13 The comma: General |
This content was not included in Writing Tips Plus. |
7.14 Restrictive/non-restrictive |
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7.15 The comma: Co-ordinate elements |
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7.16 Clarity and emphasis |
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7.17 Omitted words |
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7.18 Quotations, etc. |
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7.19 Names and titles |
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7.20 Dates, geographical names and addresses |
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7.20 Dates, geographical names and addresses |
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7.21 Commas properly omitted |
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7.22 The semicolon: Between independent clauses |
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7.23 The semicolon: Co-ordinate elements |
section entitled Other elements in a series in the article “semicolon” |
7.24 Misuse and overuse |
section entitled Misuse and overuse in the article “semicolon” |
7.25 The colon: Between independent clauses |
section entitled Use of colon between independent clauses in the article “colon” |
7.26 Annunciatory function |
section entitled Annunciatory function in the article “colon” |
7.27 The colon: Miscellaneous |
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7.28 Misuse |
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7.29 Parentheses: General |
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7.30 Clarification |
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7.31 Punctuation with parentheses |
section entitled Punctuation with parentheses in the article “parentheses” |
7.32 Afterthoughts and asides |
section entitled Afterthoughts and asides in the article “parentheses” |
7.33 Parentheses within parentheses |
section entitled Parentheses within parentheses in the article “parentheses” |
7.34 Legal documents |
section entitled Legal documents in the article “parentheses” |
7.35 Letters and numerals |
section entitled Letters and numerals in the article “parentheses” |
7.36 Square brackets: General |
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7.37 Use within parentheses |
section entitled Replacing parentheses within parentheses in the article “square brackets” |
7.38 Use |
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7.39 Multiples |
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7.40 The em dash: General |
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7.41 Enumerations |
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7.42 Interruptions, pauses, afterthoughts, clarifications and emphasis |
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7.43 Summarizing |
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7.44 Material in apposition |
section entitled Material in apposition in the article “em dash” |
7.45 Headings |
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7.46 Lists and tables |
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7.47 Punctuation with em dash |
section entitled Punctuation with em dash in the article “em dash” |
7.48 The en dash: Numerals |
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7.49 Compound expressions |
section entitled Compound expressions in the article “en dash” |
7.50 Compound words |
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7.51 Spelling and enunciation |
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7.52 The oblique: General |
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7.53 Abbreviations |
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7.54 The oblique: Numerals |
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7.55 Alternatives and headings |
section entitled Alternatives and headings in the article “oblique” |
7.56 Possession |
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7.57 Inanimate possessors |
section entitled Inanimate possessors in the article “apostrophe: possession” |
7.58 Compounds |
section entitled Compounds in the article “apostrophe: possession” |
7.59 Two nouns (group genitive) |
section entitled Two nouns (group genitive) in the article “apostrophe: possession” |
7.60 Geographical names |
section entitled Geographical names in the article “apostrophe: possession” |
7.61 Institutions and organizations |
section entitled Institutions and organizations in the article “apostrophe: possession” |
7.62 Its |
section entitled Its in the article “apostrophe: possession” |
7.63 Contractions |
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7.64 Plurals |
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7.65 Vertical lists: General |
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7.66 Use of colon |
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7.67 Numbering |
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7.68 Use of semicolon |
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7.69 Complete sentences |
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7.70 Capitalization |
section entitled Capitalization in the article “vertical lists” |
Quotations and quotation marks
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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8 Quotations and quotation marks |
See the pages corresponding to sections 8.01 to 8.15. |
8.01 Introduction |
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8.02 Run-in format |
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8.03 Punctuation and grammar in run-in quotations |
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8.04 Indirect (reported) speech |
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8.05 Paragraphing: run-in format |
section entitled Paragraphing in the article “quotations: run-in format” |
8.06 Block format |
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8.07 Paragraphing: block format |
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8.08 Quotations within quotations |
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8.09 Omissions |
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8.10 Insertions, alterations and parentheses |
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8.11 Reference to words as such |
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8.12 Words used in an ironic or special sense; slang and technical terms |
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8.13 Titles |
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8.14 French and foreign-language quotations |
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8.15 Abuse of quotation marks |
Reference matter
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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9 Reference matter |
See the pages corresponding to sections 9.01 to 9.55. |
9.01 Introduction |
This content was not included in Writing Tips Plus. |
9.02 Bibliographies: General |
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9.03 Types of bibliography |
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9.04 Bibliographies: Arrangement |
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9.05 Romanization |
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9.06 Translation |
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9.07 Principal source of information |
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9.08 Compiling a bibliographic entry |
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9.09 Author’s name |
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9.10 Order of precedence |
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9.11 Title |
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9.12 Secondary responsibility |
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9.13 Edition |
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9.14 Place, publisher and date |
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9.15 Series |
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9.17 Secondary source citations |
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9.18 Reference Notes: General |
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9.19 Books |
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9.20 Subsequent references |
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9.21 Articles |
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9.22 Newspapers and magazines |
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9.23 Footnotes |
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9.24 Endnotes |
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9.25 In-text notes |
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9.26 Author-number system |
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9.27 Ibid., loc. cit., op. cit. |
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9.28 Legal references |
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9.29 Common abbreviations in notes and bibliographies |
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9.30 Indexes: Definition |
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9.31 Scope and complexity |
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9.32 Indexes: Arrangement |
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9.33 Length |
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9.34 Referenced material |
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9.35 Simple entry |
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9.36 Complex entry |
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9.37 Combined entries |
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9.38 Double posting |
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9.39 Choice of terms |
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9.40 Syntax of heading |
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9.41 Entry versus subentry |
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9.42 Alphabetical arrangement |
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9.43 Listing of subentries |
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9.44 Capitalization |
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9.45 Personal names |
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9.46 Government departments and agencies |
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9.47 Geographical names |
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9.48 Newspapers and periodicals |
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9.49 Scientific names |
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9.50 Homonyms |
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9.51 Abbreviations and other reference tools |
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9.52 Cross-references |
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9.53 Blind references |
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9.54 Continued headings |
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9.55 Dangling entries |
Letters and memorandums
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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10 Letters and memorandums |
See the pages corresponding to sections 10.02 to 10.33. |
10.01 Introduction |
This content was not included in Writing Tips Plus. |
10.02 Block style |
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10.03 Indent style |
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10.04 Margins |
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10.05 Spacing |
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10.06 Length |
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10.07 Punctuation |
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10.08 Consistency |
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10.09 Letterhead |
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10.10 Date |
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10.11 Delivery (mailing) notation |
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10.12 Reference line |
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10.13 Inside address |
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10.14 Official languages in addresses |
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10.15 Name of person, title, name of organization |
business letters: name of person; title; name of organization |
10.16 Attention line |
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10.17 Salutation or greeting |
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10.18 Subject line |
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10.19 Body of the letter |
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10.20 Complimentary close |
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10.21 Signature |
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10.22 Reference initials |
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10.23 Enclosure notation |
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10.24 Carbon copy notation |
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10.25 Postscript |
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10.26 Model letter |
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10.27 Format |
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10.28 Model memorandum |
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10.29 Introduction |
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10.30 Advantages |
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10.31 Disadvantages |
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10.32 Presentation |
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10.33 Guidelines |
Reports and minutes
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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11 Reports and minutes |
See the pages corresponding to sections 11.01 to 11.27. |
11.01 Reports: General |
This content was not included in Writing Tips Plus. |
11.02 Preparation |
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11.03 Format |
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11.04 Letter of transmittal or preface |
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11.05 Title page |
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11.06 Table of contents |
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11.07 Abstract or summary |
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11.08 Introduction to report |
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11.09 Findings and discussion |
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11.10 Ending |
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11.11 Appendixes |
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11.12 Glossary |
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11.13 References |
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11.14 Illustrations |
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11.15 Tables and graphs |
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11.16 Headings |
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11.17 Margins |
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11.18 Spacing |
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11.19 Pagination |
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11.20 Underlining |
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11.21 Mathematics in reports |
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11.22 Minutes: General |
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11.23 Agenda |
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11.24 Model agenda |
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11.25 Writing of minutes |
section entitled Guidelines for writing in the article “meetings: minutes” |
11.26 Indirect speech |
section entitled Indirect speech in the article “meetings: minutes” |
11.27 Model minutes |
Usage
Plain language
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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13 Plain language |
See the pages corresponding to sections 13.01 to 13.07. |
13.01 Introduction |
clear communication: overview of the writing process and techniques |
13.02 Focussing on the reader |
clear communication: responsibilities of writers, editors and decision makers |
13.03 Text organization |
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13.04 Vocabulary |
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13.05 Sentences |
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13.06 Layout and design |
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13.07 Testing |
Elimination of stereotyping in written communications
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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14 Elimination of stereotyping in written communications |
See the pages corresponding to sections 14.01 to 14.15. |
14.01 Introduction |
stereotyping: introduction |
14.02 Elimination of sexual stereotyping: Correspondence, names and forms of address |
stereotyping: eliminating sexual stereotyping in correspondence |
14.03 Parallel treatment |
stereotyping: parallel treatment |
14.04 Pronouns |
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14.05 Personification |
stereotyping: personification |
14.06 Titles of occupations |
stereotyping: job titles |
14.07 Man, lady, girl, woman |
stereotyping: man; lady; girl; woman |
14.08 Elimination of sexual stereotyping: Full range of human characteristics and situations |
stereotyping: depiction of women |
14.09 Elimination of racial and ethnic stereotyping: Ethnic clichés |
section entitled Ethnic clichés in the article “stereotyping: racial and ethnic” |
14.10 Gratuitous modifiers |
section entitled Gratuitous modifiers in the article “stereotyping: racial and ethnic” |
14.11 Connotative modifiers |
section entitled Connotative modifiers in the article “stereotyping: racial and ethnic” |
14.12 Elimination of racial and ethnic stereotyping: Identification of groups |
section entitled Identification of groups in the article “stereotyping: racial and ethnic” |
14.13 Fair and representative depiction of people with disabilities: Full range of human characteristics and situations |
section entitled Full range of human characteristics and situations in the article “stereotyping: depiction of people with disabilities” |
14.14 Fair and representative depiction of people with disabilities: Identification of groups |
section entitled Identification of groups in the article “stereotyping: depiction of people with disabilities” |
14.15 Neutral word descriptions |
section entitled Neutral word descriptions in the article “stereotyping: depiction of people with disabilities” |
Geographical names
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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15 Geographical names |
See the pages corresponding to sections 15.01 to 15.16. |
15.01 Introduction |
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15.02 Background |
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15.03 Official geographical names |
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15.04 Names of inhabited places |
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15.05 Names of geographical features |
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15.06 Generic and specific |
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15.07 Reinstatement of official English toponyms |
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15.08 Translation of the generic |
section entitled Translation of the generic in the article “geographical names: translation” |
15.09 Non-translation of the specific |
section entitled Non-translation of the specific in the article “geographical names: translation” |
15.10 Adjectives and points of the compass |
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15.11 Scientific and geological names |
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15.12 Names of national parks |
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15.13 Names of undersea features |
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15.14 Names of Indian reserves |
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15.15 Alternate names and provincial translations |
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15.16 Names of pan-Canadian significance |
section entitled Names of pan-Canadian significance in the article “geographical names: translation” |
Revision and proofreading
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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16 Revision and proofreading |
See the pages corresponding to sections 16.01 to 16.08. |
16.01 Introduction |
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16.02 Extent of revision |
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16.03 Preparation |
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16.04 Timing |
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16.05 Sequence |
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16.06 Interrevision |
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16.07 Proofreader’s marks |
This content was not included in Writing Tips Plus. |
16.08 Revision checklist |
French typographical rules
Section of The Canadian Style |
Corresponding page in Writing Tips Plus |
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17 French typographical rules |
See the pages corresponding to sections 17.01 to 17.07. |
17.01 French typographical rules: Introduction |
This content was not included in Writing Tips Plus. |
17.02 French typographical rules: Acronyms, initialisms and abbreviations |
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17.03 French typographical rules: Word division |
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17.04 French typographical rules: Capitalization |
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17.05 French typographical rules: Numerical expressions |
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17.06 French typographical rules: Italics |
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17.07 French typographical rules: Punctuation |
Copyright notice for Writing Tips Plus
© His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Public Services and Procurement
A tool created and made available online by the Translation Bureau, Public Services and Procurement Canada
Questions and comments
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