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Résultats 21 à 30 de 31 (page 3 de 4)
adjective clause
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. An adjective clause is a clause that acts as an adjective. That is, it modifies the noun or pronoun that comes before it: Dr. Bondar, who went into space in 1992, was our first female astronaut. [clause modifies noun Dr. Bondar] Anyone who is afraid of doing too much will end up doing too little. [clause modifies pronoun anyone] The three most common adjective clause signals Most adjective clauses start with the relative pronouns which, who or that. This payment, which is due on Tuesday, should arrive on Monday. The person who stole my purse will get a bottle of water, three bandaids, a used kleenex and half a veggie burger. The jacket that I bought last week is already missing a button. Relative pronouns can act as a subject or an object in the adjective clause. (For instance, in the examples above, the pronouns which and who are the subjects of the verbs is and stole, while that is the object of the verb bought.) We sometimes omit that when it is the object of a verb or preposition: The jacket I bought last week is already missing a button. [= that I bought last week; that is object of verb bought] I can’t find the envelope I put the cheque in. [= that I put the cheque in; that is object of preposition in] For more information on relative pronouns, see the article relative pronouns, who, whom, whose, which, that. Other adjective clause signals The relative adverbs when, where and why can also start an adjective clause: Noon is the hour when the sun is overhead. [clause modifies noun hour] The shop where we bought the camera was near the bridge. [clause modifies noun shop] I don’t know the reason why Michel was late. [clause modifies noun reason] For information on how to punctuate adjective clauses, see the article commas with adjective clauses.Source : Writing Tips Plus (difficultés et règles de la langue anglaise)
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Fun facts about translation
An English quiz on the topic of translation, in which the user must answer various language-related questions.There are over 7 000 languages in the world, and not everyone speaks more than one! Translators play an important role in helping people to communicate.Take our quiz to learn some interesting facts about translation while putting your language skills to the test!1. French is one of the languages that most translated in the world.isare2. The Bible is thought to be the most translated publication. In the previous sentence, the modifier "most translated" is in the form.positivecomparativesuperlative3. In the following sentence, how should the title in brackets be formatted: The novel [The Little Prince] has been translated into hundreds of languages and dialects?Roman font, no quotation marksRoman font, in quotation marksitalic font, no quotation marks4. Over 600 000 people translation as a profession.practisepractice5. Identify the appositive in the following sentence: The Index Translationum, a UNESCO database, is a list of books translated in some 100 countries.a UNESCO databasetranslatedin some 100 countries6. "To translate," which means "to express the sense of a word in another language," is of Latin origin. In the previous sentence, "which" is a .personal pronounrelative pronoundemonstrative pronoun7. Identify the error in the following sentence: Predating the common era, it is believed that the translation profession is over 2 000 years old!dangling modifiercomma splicefaulty comparison8. Scientist Émilie de Breteuil translated Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation into French. The French word for "scientist" is .scientistscientistescientifique9. Fill in the blank to make the following sentence parallel: The Cyrillic alphabet, named for translator Saint Cyril, is used today to write .Russian, Bulgarian and to write the Serbian languageRussian, Bulgarian and the Serbian languageRussian, Bulgarian and Serbian10. "Writers make national literature while translators make universal literature."" José Saramago noted "," José Saramago noted. "," José Saramago noted, "Source : Jeux du Portail linguistique du Canada
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commas with adjective clauses
(A similar topic is discussed in French in the article virgule avec les relatives explicatives et déterminatives.) Before deciding whether to use a comma with an adjective clause, you must determine whether the clause is essential or non-essential. Essential clause An essential clause (also known as a restrictive clause) is one that identifies or defines the word it modifies. Do not use commas with an essential adjective clause: The sailing vessel that is engraved on the Canadian dime is the famous schooner Bluenose. [The clause identifies by telling us which sailing vessel is meant.] Tommy Prince was a soldier who had extraordinary skill and courage. [The clause defines by telling us what kind of soldier is meant.] Tip: You don’t need to use commas around an adjective clause starting with that, since it will always be essential. Non-essential clause A non-essential clause is one that merely gives secondary information about the noun it modifies. In this case, the noun is already clearly identified, without the clause. Do use commas with a non-essential adjective clause. If the non-essential clause is in the middle of the sentence, it takes a comma before and after it: The Bluenose, which is engraved on the Canadian dime, was a famous Nova Scotia schooner. Tommy Prince, who had extraordinary skill and courage, was descended from Manitoba’s legendary Chief Peguis. If the non-essential clause comes at the end of the sentence, it has a comma before it: The most famous Nova Scotia schooner is the Bluenose, which is engraved on the Canadian dime.Source : Writing Tips Plus (difficultés et règles de la langue anglaise)
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commas with such as
To decide whether to use commas with such as, you need to know whether the phrase it introduces is essential. Commas When such as introduces a modifier that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence (i.e. a non-restrictive modifier), commas are required: Precious gems, such as rubies, are impressive to behold. The modifier such as rubies is not essential; it simply adds detail. Therefore, it should be set off by commas. No commas However, modifiers that are essential to the meaning of the sentence (i.e. restrictive modifiers) are not set off by commas: Words such as street, avenue, and road are abbreviated only in addresses. The modifier such as street, avenue, and road is essential to the meaning of the sentence: it restricts the general term words to a specific type of word. As a result, it should not be set off by commas. No comma after such as Note that such as should not be separated from the list of examples that follows it. For that reason, you should never put a comma immediately after such as. Incorrect: For PowerPoint presentations, use a font such as, Arial, Trebuchet or Verdana. Correct: For PowerPoint presentations, use a font such as Arial, Trebuchet or Verdana.Source : Writing Tips Plus (difficultés et règles de la langue anglaise)
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commas with adverb clauses
(A similar topic is discussed in French in the article virgule avec un complément de phrase.) The use of commas with an adverb clause depends on the position of the clause and its degree of importance. Adverb clause at the beginning When placed before the independent clause, an adverb clause takes a comma after it. When I hear the song “Spanish Eyes,” I always feel like dancing. Note: It is possible to omit the comma if the clause is quite short and does not require a pause: When you call please mention my name. But even with a short clause, make sure to include a comma if there is a risk of misreading: When you call, Janice may be out. [comma prevents misreading When you call Janice] Adverb clause in the middle When placed in the middle of the independent clause, an adverb clause generally acts as an interrupter and requires a pair of commas (one before and one after). My cousin, whenever she travels, sends me a postcard from every port. Adverb clause at the end When placed at the end of the independent clause, an adverb clause may or may not require a comma, depending on whether it is essential to the meaning of the sentence. Essential clauses provide essential information and are not set off with commas. The package came after you had left. [identifies the time of delivery] The police will press charges if the witness’s statement is true. [stipulates the condition governing the action in the main clause] Note that clauses introduced by until and the conjunctions of comparison than and as … as are normally essential: They took shelter in the cave until the storm ended. Jorge is taller than Greg (is). No one can play that sonata as well as Marsha (does). Non-essential clauses provide additional, non-essential information and need commas: The package came at 8:30, after you had left. [The phrase at 8:30 identifies the time of delivery; the clause is just additional information.] The passenger apparently arrived late, if the witness’s statement is true. [The adverb clause if the witness’s statement is true has no bearing on the passenger’s arrival time; it is just an added comment that is not essential.] Note that clauses beginning with although, even though, though and whereas are normally non-essential: Lisa won the prize, even though (although, though) the competition was stiff. Cara wanted to paint the room blue, whereas Paul preferred green.Source : Writing Tips Plus (difficultés et règles de la langue anglaise)
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commas with direct address
Direct address involves the use of a person’s name or title to address a remark or a question directly to that person. Not every use of a person’s name is a case of direct address. Often we use someone’s name to speak about that person rather than directly to him or her. For example, if you say, “Alison went to the concert,” you are talking about Alison, not to her. But suppose you say, “Alison, how did you like the concert?” Then you are talking directly to Alison, and you are using her name to get her attention and to show that the question is meant for her. This use of Alison’s name to speak directly to her is an example of direct address. Comma use with direct address When using direct address in writing, you use a comma to separate the person’s name from the rest of the sentence. Halynka, I hope you made perogies for the potluck! Location of the name The name used in direct address can appear at the beginning, at the end or in the middle of the sentence. (When it is in the middle, it has a comma before and after it, as in the third example below.) Claudio, I heard you made ricotta dumplings for supper. Show me the dress you bought, Samina. Tell me, Carl, how do you like your new job? Titles in place of names Finally, direct address doesn’t need to involve a name. A title can be used in place of a name, as in the following examples: Excuse me, sir, you dropped something. Listen up, girls and boys! Ladies and gentlemen, the play is about to begin.Source : Writing Tips Plus (difficultés et règles de la langue anglaise)
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comma after a clause acting as subject
Do not use a comma after a clause acting as a subject: Incorrect: Whatever you decide, is fine with me. Correct: Whatever you decide is fine with me. In the example above, the noun clause Whatever you decide is the subject of the verb is. We don’t normally separate a subject from its verb with a single comma, even when the subject is an entire clause. The one exception to this rule occurs when the verb at the end of the noun clause is the same as the verb in the main clause: What the cause of the leak is, is a total mystery. Whatever money Ray still had, had been invested. In sentences like these, it is usual to use a comma for clarity.Source : Writing Tips Plus (difficultés et règles de la langue anglaise)
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commas with interjections
An interjection is a short exclamation consisting of a word or phrase. An interjection within a sentence is set off by a comma. An introductory interjection takes a comma after it. Hi, how are you? Yes, we’ll be attending the concert. Oh, so that’s what happened! Well, let’s see now … Interjections can also appear at the end of a sentence. In that case, the interjection takes a comma before it. I missed the bus, darn it all! Ski season is over, alas.Source : Writing Tips Plus (difficultés et règles de la langue anglaise)
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commas with tag questions
A tag question is a question (like do you? or was it?) that is added at the end of a sentence. It consists of two basic elements: a verb a pronoun Many tag questions also include the adverb not, usually attached to the verb in contracted form (n’t, as in don’t you? or wasn’t it?). A tag question is set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma, as in the examples below. So I’m lucky, am I? Abshir isn’t here, is he? Your dog won’t bite me, will it? The chocolate frosting was delicious, wasn’t it? The meeting begins at 9:30, doesn’t it? Anne can join us, can’t she?Source : Writing Tips Plus (difficultés et règles de la langue anglaise)
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Test yourself—Commas that clutter: Unnecessary commas
Decide whether or not a comma is required where indicated. Read the article Commas that clutter: Unnecessary commas to help you out.1. Tara decided she could save at least two hundred dollars a month[ ] by taking a lunch from home instead of eating in restaurants.no comma requiredcomma (,)2. British Columbia, New Brunswick and Saskatchewan[ ] are the three provinces my uncle has never visited.no comma requiredcomma (,)3. Everyone[ ] holding tickets to the 7:00 p.m. showing of the Rolling Stones movie should move to the front of the line.no comma requiredcomma (,)4. The long[ ] involved discussions of new statistical theories were dry and uninspiring to many of the seminar participants.no comma requiredcomma (,)5. Inventing vegetarian recipes[ ] and eating burgers are two of his favourite activities.no comma requiredcomma (,)6. Maybe Lucy could give Ricky a lift[ ] before she goes back to town.no comma requiredcomma (,)7. George and Marie stared in horror at the scratch running down the side of their new[ ] red Mercedes convertible.no comma requiredcomma (,)8. Our knees shaking and our stomachs in knots, Yvette and I slowly opened the huge[ ] oak door.no comma requiredcomma (,)Source : Peck’s English Pointers (articles et exercices sur la langue anglaise)
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