virtue, by virtue of, in virtue of

The idiom by virtue of means “because of” or “on account of. ” The synonymous expression in virtue of is antiquated and found mostly in legal writing.

To write plainly, replace these expressions with because of, on account of or on the basis of.

  • Because of (not by virtue of) their experience and knowledge of the issues, three research scientists were appointed to the committee.
  • Corona was invited to join the yacht club on the basis of (not by virtue of) her mother’s standing as a founding member.

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A tool created and made available online by the Translation Bureau, Public Services and Procurement Canada

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