by reason of the fact that, by virtue of the fact that

To write more concisely, use the conjunction because to replace the wordy expression by reason of the fact that or by virtue of the fact that.

  • Wordy: Jackie couldn’t finish the yard work by reason of the fact that it rained all weekend.
  • Concise: Jackie couldn’t finish the yard work because it rained all weekend.
  • Wordy: By virtue of the fact that the meeting ended early, Chris was able to get in a game of golf.
  • Concise: Because the meeting ended early, Chris was able to get in a game of golf.

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© His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Public Services and Procurement
A tool created and made available online by the Translation Bureau, Public Services and Procurement Canada

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