Bad is the adjective, and badly is the adverb.
Use bad with linking verbs that express feeling, being, appearing or becoming:
- Do you still feel bad, or do you feel better now?
- Things are (or look) bad right now, but tomorrow is another day.
- Chicken will go bad if it is not refrigerated.
Use badly with action verbs and their forms (participles, gerunds, infinitives):
- The game went very badly for the home team after the second period.
- She sings so badly, her friends always ask her to stop.
- During the Depression, money was so badly needed, people sold their boots to buy food.
- Spelling badly can prevent you from communicating clearly.
- Matt knew he wouldn’t do well on his test, but he didn’t expect to do this badly.
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